
In 1978, the Consumer Products Safety commission banned the use of lead-based paint in homes and toys. Anyone living in a residence built before 1978 could still be at risk for lead exposure. Lead testing needs to be performed before any remodeling, renovating, or painting is performed, as these are the most common culprits for exposure to lead in the home. The Environmental Protection Agency recommends hiring a certified inspector or risk assessor to perform one of the three types of lead testing. On average, these inspections cost $300 to $400 and take two to four hours to complete.
If you choose a lead- based paint inspection, a certified inspector will test all surfaces coated with paint, stain, and even surfaces coated with varnish or wallpaper, inside and outside your home, for the presence of lead-based paint. Lead-based paint inspections do not usually include tests of soil, water, or dust. You can request these areas be tested separately.
The presence of lead-based paint does not always mean there is a risk for lead exposure, so you may want to have a certified risk assessor perform a risk assessment. This type of thorough investigation will detect the presence of lead and identify the type, severity, and location of lead-based paint hazards, to include dust and soil.
A lead-hazard screen is simply a more limited risk assessment. It is only beneficial for homes built after 1960 that are in good repair. Since only deteriorated paint is tested in these screenings, they are no guarantee that there is no lead-based paint present. If the paint deteriorates or is disturbed by renovations or other damage, the screening would need to be repeated.
Although home test kits are available which detect the presence of lead in paint, dust and soil, the Environmental Protection Agency has found that these tests give unreliable results. These kits do not differentiate between high and low levels of lead and have been shown to give both false positives and false negatives.

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